"Ageism is defined as the act of stereotyping and discriminating
against older adults solely because of their age (Butler, 1989). Rates of
ageism are likely to increase as the percentage of older adults over age 65 is
expected to reach 30% by 2030 (North & Fiske, 2013; U.S. Census Bureau,
2012). Research has found that individuals often hold positive and negative
stereotypes of older adults; such as warm and incompetent. For example,
ambivalent ageism distinguishes between these two interrelated forms of ageism:
Benevolent and Hostile ageism (Fiske, Cuddy, Glick, & Xu, 2002; Durante et
al., 2013; Cary, Chasteen, & Remedios, 2017). Previous literature has
suggested that gender is a moderator of the different forms of ageism (Fiske,
Cuddy, Glick, & Xu, 2002; Fiske, Cuddy, & Glick, 2007). For example,
males typically respond higher on measures of hostile ageism, whereas females
are more likely to score higher on measures of benevolent ageism (Fiske, Cuddy,
Glick, & Xu, 2002). Recent findings on females and benevolent ageism have
been supported by the Stereotype Content Model which features two universal
dimensions of social cognition: warmth and competence (Fiske, Cuddy, &
Glick, 2007; Fiske, 2018). Thus, we might predict that females would experience
more benevolent ageism than males due to traditionally being perceived
themselves as more warm than competent (Fiske, Cuddy, & Glick, 2007). Due
to the overall mixed findings regarding the role of gender in ageism, the
current study will investigate gender as a moderator of multiple forms of
ageism. The current study will utilize multiple self-report measures of ageism,
such as, Ambivalent Ageism Scale (Cary, Chasteen, & Remedios, 2017) and
Fraboni Scale of Ageism (Fraboni & Saltstone, 1990). Participants will
include college students, as young adults hold the strongest, negative views of
older adults compared to all other age groups (Royal Society for Public Health,
2018). Findings will have implications for identifying differential predictors
of varying forms of ageism".
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